Tooth sensitivity is pain or discomfort when you eat hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods or drinks. This can be a sign that the enamel is damaged and the more sensitive dentin is exposed. This pain can vary in intensity and can be temporary or persistent.

Toothache related to a cavity can be sharp, throbbing or dull. It can occur spontaneously or be triggered by stimuli such as chewing. Persistent pain usually indicates that the cavity has reached deeper layers of the tooth, such as the dental pulp, requiring urgent treatment.

Cavities are visible damage to the tooth, manifested by dark spots, holes or rough surfaces. They appear when demineralization progresses enough to create tangible destruction of the enamel. The presence of cavities is often a key indicator of tooth decay.

Bad breath, or halitosis, can be caused by the buildup of bacteria and food debris in the mouth, especially around decayed teeth. The bacteria produce volatile sulfur compounds, which are responsible for the unpleasant odor. If it persists despite good oral hygiene, it may indicate the presence of cavities.

Inflammation or swelling of the gums around the teeth can occur due to infection caused by tooth decay. The gums may become red, tender and painful. This can also indicate gingivitis or periodontitis, which can accompany tooth decay.

Advanced decay can make chewing painful or uncomfortable. This may be due to pain from the affected tooth or structural breakdown of the tooth, making chewing more difficult. It can also lead to avoidance of certain foods, which can affect nutrition.